作者
Author

連金發

Chin-fa LIEN

關鍵詞
Key words

名前形容詞，華語，衍生詞彙，事件結構，組合，共通語法，語言類型，認知語言學，對比分析，對譯

Attributive adjective; generative lexicon; event structure; universal grammar; co-composition; Linguistic typology; cognitive linguistics; contrastive study; translation

摘要

　　名前形容詞和所修飾的名詞間有多重的語義關係：有的關係可用連言解析，有的關係不可以。本文在前人研究的基礎上探討偏正式中形容詞和名詞之間的各種非連言的關係，這反映語詞的內涵而非外延。名前形容詞用於引發中心語名詞的某個或某些「面向」(aspect)。Pustejovsky (1995a)的「衍生詞彙」(generative lexicon) 理論在名詞上設定比較豐富的語義內涵，可用以解析偏正格式中名前形容詞和名詞之間多樣的語義關係。有些名前形容詞所修飾的不是名詞表面所顯示的語義而是潛藏在名詞背後的「事件」(event)，即形容詞選擇了名詞的衍生詞彙中的事件語義屬性並與它產生「組合」(co-composition) 的作用。透過豐富衍生詞彙(潛在的事件結構的設定為其中一環)可以有效的捕捉到語言間表達方式的異同並可以對一些貌似「不規律」(idiosyncratic) 的現象提出合理的解釋。本文將對華語名前形容詞的這類語義現象進行深入而細緻的探索，相信對共通「universal」語法、語言類型、「認知」(cognitive) 語言學、對比語言學、語言間的對譯有一定的含意。

Abstract

　　There is a range of semantic relationship between attributive adjectives and nouns. The semantic relationship between them in many cases is not amenable to an account in terms of conjunction. On the strength of the insights derived from previous studies the present paper attempts to account for such semantic relationships which show the validity of intensionalist approach rather than extensionalist approach. An attributive adjective fulfills the role of triggering an aspect or aspects of the head noun. The theory of generative lexicon proposed by Pustejovsky (1995a) makes possible the establishment of a richer semantic content of noun phrases, which can be used to capture the manifold semantic relationship between attributive adjectives and nouns. In some cases it is not the superficial semantic manifestation, but the underlyhing event structure behind the noun phrase, that attributive adjectives specify. That is, the attributive adjective selects the attributes of the event structure associated with the noun phrase in the process of co-composition. We can attain a great measure of generality by exploiting the richer lexicon of noun phrases and provide a satisfactory account to explain away some seeming idiosyncrasies. The paper attempts a fine-grained and in-depth analysis of the intriguing semantic behavior of attributive adjectives in Mandarin in the hope that it will have some import for universal grammar, linguistic typology, cognitive linguistics, contrastive analysis and translation.

內容語文
Language

中文

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Page

1-24

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